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Gabon Ebony (Diospyros crassiflora), also called African Ebony, comes from West and Central Africa and is one of the most iconic woods in the world. Its heartwood ranges from pure black to variegated tones with greys, browns and even golden streaks.It's exceptionally dense, strong and naturally oily, and it takes an extraordinary polish with a beautiful luster when sanded. The texture is very fine and even, so it holds crisp detail. The oiliness can make gluing trickier, but the results are worth the care.The trees grow slowly and produce small logs, so long, clear boards are rare and expensive. It's also prone to checking, so pieces should be stored and worked carefully. Quality and availability in the US have declined, and prices have risen, so good stock is worth snapping up.Gabon Ebony is the traditional fingerboard and fitting wood for violins, violas, cellos and basses, and it's used for guitar fretboards, piano keys, carving, turnings and inlay. It's a favorite with turners, carvers and luthiers. See also Indian Ebony, a close match in looks.
musical Instruments, specialty items
Indian Ebony (Diospyros ebenum), also called Ceylon Ebony, is a true ebony from southern India and Sri Lanka that has long been used in place of Gabon Ebony. At first glance the two can be almost impossible to tell apart.It's jet black, often with subtle brown or muted orange streaks and occasional pale sapwood. The grain is straight or slightly irregular and the texture very fine, and its natural oils give it excellent polish and a deep luster.It's a little less hard than Gabon Ebony but still very hard and durable, and turners love how smoothly it works. It cuts cleanly with sharp tools and holds fine detail, though its oils mean gluing benefits from a solvent wipe first.Indian Ebony is used for high-end guitar fretboards, especially by players who want the look of ebony with a slightly softer feel, as well as for turnings, inlay, chess pieces and carving. Exports from South Asia are tightly restricted, so supply in the US is scarce, and it offers the look of Gabon Ebony at a somewhat more accessible price when you can find it.
carving, furniture, inlay, turnings
Macassar Ebony (Diospyros celebica) comes from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and is one of Southeast Asia's best-known exotics. It's one of our favorites, with a classic striped look that has been prized for luxury furniture since the Art Deco era.Deep brown dominates, with stripes that can include green, yellow, burgundy, red, orange and even peach in the best pieces. Stripes are usually broad and bold, often twisting and overlapping, and boards with fine, tight, even striping are rarer and more desirable. The sapwood ranges from dull tan to light golden brown.Like other dense woods, it can be hard to work and hard on blades, and it's prone to checking, so store it carefully. It rewards the effort with a superb finish, polishing to a deep, glassy luster.Macassar Ebony is in constant demand for veneer and is prized by guitar makers for backs, sides and fretboards, where its density gives a bright, clear tone. It's also used for cabinetry, pool cues, turnings, boxes and inlay. See also Amara Ebony.
cabinetry, crafting, pool cues, specialty items, turnings, veneer
boxmaking, furniture, veneer
cabinetry, carving, flooring, furniture, lutherie, specialty items, turnings, veneer
Granadillo (Platymiscium spp.), also known as Hormigo or Macacauba, is known throughout Central America as “the wood that sings.” It's been a popular rosewood alternative with guitar builders ever since Brazilian Rosewood was placed under the strictest CITES protection in 1992.It's slightly less dense than a typical rosewood and much less oily. The base is brown, highlighted with muted purples, reds, oranges and golds, and the color deepens toward a richer reddish-brown with age. The grain is mostly straight, sometimes interlocked, with a medium texture.It works and finishes very well, with a natural luster, and strong chatoyance often appears after finish sanding. Because it's less oily than true rosewoods, it glues more easily, which makes it a practical choice for instrument building.Granadillo is a beautiful, slightly more affordable rosewood substitute with more than 50 years of use as a tonewood, especially for guitar backs, sides and fretboards, and for marimba bars. It's also popular for furniture, handles, inlay and turnings. See also its relative, Red Canarywood.
furniture, handles, inlay, musical Instruments, specialty items, turnings
boatbuilding, construction, decking, exterior cladding, fencing, utility lumber
flooring, handles, utility lumber
Holly (Ilex opaca), also called American Holly, is the closest thing to a truly white wood. It's prized for its consistent pale color, which shows little to no visible grain, and it holds that color well over time.The wood is ivory white to very pale grey, with a fine, even texture. Holly has to be dried quickly after cutting to prevent blue-grey fungal discoloration, so it's usually harvested in winter and kiln-dried promptly. That's why truly white boards command a premium.It glues, stains and finishes well, though interlocked grain and knots can make it tricky to work. It turns and carves beautifully. A clear, hard finish helps it keep its color, and it isn't durable outdoors.Traditionally used for inlay, stringing, marquetry and accents, it's becoming popular with turners for its looks and turning qualities. It's sometimes dyed black as an ebony substitute for decorative work, though it isn't dense enough for most instrument uses. For a creamy yellow alternative, see Boxwood.
inlay, specialty items
Imbuia (Ocotea porosa) is a Brazilian hardwood often called Brazilian Walnut, though apart from its brown color it doesn't look much like true walnut. It grows in the cool highland forests of southern Brazil.The heartwood ranges from olive to chocolate brown, sometimes with yellowish or reddish streaks, and its grain is wild and unpredictable. Premium boards show figure that adds to its “delightfully irregular” character. Lighter sapwood can create a striking contrast with the pale to medium golden-brown heartwood. Freshly cut, it has a pleasant, spicy scent.It works well with hand and machine tools, turns nicely and finishes to a soft luster. Density varies with growing conditions, and some boards are noticeably heavier than walnut. Mature trees grow large, so big boards are possible when the wood can be sourced.Imbuia has never been widely available in the US, and supply has become scarcer, but it's a truly distinctive wood for fine furniture, cabinetry, gun stocks, turnings and veneer. If you like the look of walnut, see also Nogal.
boatbuilding, cabinetry, flooring, furniture, gun stocks, turnings, veneer
Ipe (Handroanthus spp.) is known across Central and South America as an extremely dense, durable wood. It covers several species, so its color and grain vary quite a bit. In flooring it's sometimes sold as “Brazilian Walnut,” though it isn't related to walnut.It can be a deep chocolate brown with a reddish tint, or more olive-toned with hints of yellow, orange or red, often with darker striping and occasional mottled figure. Left outdoors unfinished, it weathers to a silver grey.The grain can be straight, irregular or interlocked, and the texture fine to medium with good luster. It's famously hard on saw blades, so carbide tooling is a must, and you should pre-drill for fasteners. Straight-grained pieces plane and turn well, but always use your sharpest tools, and note that some boards contain a powdery yellow deposit called lapachol. Wear a dust mask, as the dust can irritate.Ipe is virtually impossible to wear out and resists insects, rot and fire, which makes it a favorite for decking, boardwalks and flooring. It's also used for outdoor furniture, handles, turnings and veneer. For a similar alternative, see Cumaru.
construction, decking, flooring, handles, turnings, veneer
Iroko (Milicia spp.) is a tough, durable hardwood from tropical West and Central Africa that's often used in place of Teak. It's one of Africa's most important timbers.Its golden to medium brown color, coarse texture and interlocked grain give it a very Teak-like look. Freshly cut, it can be quite yellow, but it darkens to a richer brown with age and light exposure.It's lighter than Teak but resistant to rot and insects and strong for its weight, with good stability once dry. Despite the interlocked grain, it isn't difficult to work, and it glues and finishes well. Occasional hard mineral deposits can dull blades, and the dust can irritate, so wear a mask when machining.Iroko has long been used across Africa in many of the same roles Teak fills elsewhere. It's a great choice for boatbuilding, outdoor furniture, decking, flooring, cabinetry, countertops and general construction, and it offers Teak-like performance at a friendlier price.
boatbuilding, cabinetry, construction, flooring, furniture, specialty items, turnings, utility lumber, veneer
carving, knife handles, turnings
boatbuilding, cabinetry, flooring, furniture, handles, specialty items, turnings
Jelutong (Dyera costulata) is a light-colored Southeast Asian wood from Malaysia and Indonesia. Its trees were once tapped for latex used in chewing gum, before gum makers switched to synthetics.The wood is pale cream to straw-colored, with a generally straight grain and a fine, even texture. You may see small slit-like latex canals in some boards, a reminder of the tree's history.It's a favorite with carvers. The low density makes it exceptionally easy to work, and it's dimensionally stable and takes stain and finish well, with a subtle luster. It holds detail better than you might expect for such a soft wood, and it sands smoothly. It isn't durable outdoors, so keep it inside.The trees grow tall, so wide, clear boards are common, though lumber can be hard to find in the US. In Southeast Asia it's used much like Basswood: for carving, pattern-making, models, picture frames, drawing boards and utility work. It's an excellent choice for beginners learning to carve.
carving, specialty items, utility lumber
fine furniture, flooring, inlay, lutherie, specialty items, turnings
Kiaat (Pterocarpus angolensis), also called Mukwa, Muninga or Bloodwood in parts of Africa, is a close relative of African Padauk. It grows across the woodlands of southern and central Africa and has been used there for centuries.
The heartwood ranges from light golden brown to medium brown with a reddish or purplish tint, often with attractive darker streaks. The grain can be straight, wavy or interlocked, and the texture fine to medium with a nice luster. When the tree is cut, it bleeds a red sap, which gave rise to some of its local names.
It's lighter than Padauk but strong for its weight, very stable with extremely low shrinkage, and resistant to insects and termites. It works easily, and it turns, glues and finishes well, making it a pleasure in the workshop.
The trees are fairly small, so large boards are rare and it's seldom seen in the US. In southern Africa, Kiaat is a favorite for fine furniture and was traditionally used for dugout canoes and paddles. It's a versatile wood for furniture, boatbuilding, turnings, carving, veneer and specialty pieces.
boatbuilding, furniture, specialty items, turnings, veneer
Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis), also called Brazilian Kingwood or Violetwood, is one of the densest rosewoods and one of the most colorful. It grows in northeastern Brazil and has been prized by European furniture makers since the 17th century, when it was a favorite for royal cabinetry and marquetry.The reddish-brown heartwood is streaked with dark violet to black, and the pale yellow sapwood often adds dramatic contrast. The grain is usually straight, sometimes wavy or interlocked, with a fine, even texture and natural luster.Logs tend to check and crack, so clean, defect-free boards are rare, especially in larger sizes. It's very rot- and insect-resistant, and its oils can make gluing tricky, so wipe joints with a solvent first. It's also hard on tools, but it turns beautifully and polishes to a glassy finish.Kingwood is a favorite for fine inlay, banding, custom knife handles, pens and turnings, and it's also used for gun stocks, small boxes and veneer. For a softer-colored rosewood, see Tulipwood.
gun stocks, handles, inlay, specialty items, turnings, veneer
Koa (Acacia koa) is one of Hawaii's most beautiful native hardwoods and grows only on the Hawaiian Islands. It's sometimes compared to mahogany in appearance, and it holds a special place in Hawaiian culture, traditionally used for canoes and surfboards.It's generally medium to reddish brown, though color varies a lot, from golden to deep chocolate. Figured boards with strong curl and chatoyance are highly prized and can seem to glow under finish.It's quite stable and fairly easy to work, except where the grain is highly figured or interlocked, where sharp tools and light passes help. It glues and finishes well, and a clear finish brings out its depth.Koa is a very popular instrument wood with a rich, warm tone, used widely for guitar backs and sides, tops and ukuleles. It's also used for fine furniture, gun stocks, turnings, boxes, veneer and specialty pieces. Supply is limited, and highly figured boards command a premium. For a similar look at a friendlier price, see Australian Blackwood.
gun stocks, specialty items, turnings, veneer
Kosso (Pterocarpus erinaceus), also sold as Senegal Rosewood in some markets, is a West African hardwood with gorgeous color and grain. It looks similar to Kiaat, another member of the Pterocarpus genus.The heartwood ranges through warm reddish-brown to deep red-purple tones, often with darker streaks and attractive figure, and it finishes to a rich luster. Like other Pterocarpus species, it's durable, stable and works well, turning and finishing nicely.Its beauty has made it heavily exploited for “Hongmu,” the traditional rosewood-style furniture popular in China, and it's now considered an endangered species. That demand has made legal supply very limited, and it's become one of the rarer woods we carry.Kosso suits boxes, cabinetry, inlay, knife handles, pens and specialty pieces where its color can shine. Our stock is limited, and we don't expect to be able to replace it once it's gone. For a similar look, see African Padauk and Kiaat.
boxmaking, cabinetry, inlay, knife handles, specialty items
carving, furniture, specialty items, turnings
Leopardwood (Roupala brasiliensis), also called Brazilian Lacewood, is a South American hardwood named for the tightly grouped flecks that cover its surface.It's almost always quartersawn to show off this leopard-spot figure, which comes from the wood's large rays. It's medium to dark reddish-brown, and before sanding, the raised flecks give the surface a real three-dimensional look. Its color deepens with age, and a clear finish makes the flecks stand out.It's fairly hard to work, and its uneven texture can tear out when planed, so take light passes with sharp blades or use a drum sander for final surfacing. It glues and finishes well once surfaced, and it turns nicely.Leopardwood is often confused with Lacewood, which has a similar pattern but is much lighter and less dense. Its striking figure makes it a favorite for fine furniture, cabinetry, boxes, guitar backs, turnings and veneer, where a little goes a long way as an accent. For a similar flecked look, see Silky Oak.
cabinetry, fine furniture, turnings, veneer
boatbuilding, construction, handles, turnings, utility lumber
furniture, turnings, veneer